1. 前言
由于近期有任务需要，要写一个能够处理Excel的脚本，实现的功能是，在A表格上其中一列，对字符串进行分组和排序，然后根据排序好的A表格以固定格式自动填写到B表格上。
开始写脚本之前查了很多资料，最开始采用了openpyxl这个模块，用起来很顺手，使用这个对A表格其中一列进行了重新填写，但是后来发现，需要用到删除和插入空白行的操作，使用openpyxl比较困难，这个模块仅支持在表格的最后一行继续添加新行，不支持在中间插入和删除行。
在查找的过程中发现，网上流传了一些使用openpyxl进行插入删除行的操作，现整理一下。
2. 使用openpyxl
一种思路是将sheet数据转换成list，然后在list进行操作，这种方法可行，但是实际测试之后发现运行起来速度太慢了，数据1000多条，时间就已经等不起了。
# Creat insert row function group----------------------------------------------
def blankRowInsert(sheet, row_num, add_num):
myList = Sheet2List(sheet)
insertLine(myList, row_num, add_num, sheet.max_column)
List2Sheet(sheet,myList)
def Sheet2List(sheet):
# 把一个表格中的数据全部导出到一个列表
listResult = []
for i in range(1,sheet.max_row + 1):
lineData = []
for j in range(1,sheet.max_column +1):
cell = sheet.cell(row = i, column = j)
lineData.append(cell.value)
listResult.append(lineData)
return listResult
def insertLine(aList, row_num , add_num, maxColumn):
# 对列表进行添加操作操作
for _ in range(1,add_num + 1):
# ['']*N是创建一个个数为N的空格列表，插入列表aList
aList.insert(row_num, [''] * maxColumn)
def List2Sheet(sheet,list):
# 把数据写回sheet
for i in range(1, len(list) + 1):
for j in range(1, len(list[0]) + 1):
cell = sheet.cell(row=i, column=j)
cell.value = list[i-1][j-1]
# End of insert row function group---------------------------------------------
另外一种思路是直接自己给openpyxl这个轮子补胎，添加一个新的方法，笔者没有试验，下面的代码是StackOverflow相关问题上面贴的，如果各位有兴趣可以自己尝试。
def insert_rows(self, row_idx, cnt, above=False, copy_style=True, fill_formulae=True):
"""Inserts new (empty) rows into worksheet at specified row index.
:param row_idx: Row index specifying where to insert new rows.
:param cnt: Number of rows to insert.
:param above: Set True to insert rows above specified row index.
:param copy_style: Set True if new rows should copy style of immediately above row.
:param fill_formulae: Set True if new rows should take on formula from immediately above row, filled with references new to rows.
Usage:
* insert_rows(2, 10, above=True, copy_style=False)
"""
CELL_RE = re.compile("(?P<col>\$?[A-Z]+)(?P<row>\$?\d+)")
row_idx = row_idx - 1 if above else row_idx
def replace(m):
row = m.group('row')
prefix = "$" if row.find("$") != -1 else ""
row = int(row.replace("$",""))
row += cnt if row > row_idx else 0
return m.group('col') + prefix + str(row)
# First, we shift all cells down cnt rows...
old_cells = set()
old_fas = set()
new_cells = dict()
new_fas = dict()
for c in self._cells.values():
old_coor = c.coordinate
# Shift all references to anything below row_idx
if c.data_type == Cell.TYPE_FORMULA:
c.value = CELL_RE.sub(
replace,
c.value
)
# Here, we need to properly update the formula references to reflect new row indices
if old_coor in self.formula_attributes and 'ref' in self.formula_attributes[old_coor]:
self.formula_attributes[old_coor]['ref'] = CELL_RE.sub(
replace,
self.formula_attributes[old_coor]['ref']
)
# Do the magic to set up our actual shift
if c.row > row_idx:
old_coor = c.coordinate
old_cells.add((c.row,c.col_idx))
c.row += cnt
new_cells[(c.row,c.col_idx)] = c
if old_coor in self.formula_attributes:
old_fas.add(old_coor)
fa = self.formula_attributes[old_coor].copy()
new_fas[c.coordinate] = fa
for coor in old_cells:
del self._cells[coor]
self._cells.update(new_cells)
for fa in old_fas:
del self.formula_attributes[fa]
self.formula_attributes.update(new_fas)
# Next, we need to shift all the Row Dimensions below our new rows down by cnt...
for row in range(len(self.row_dimensions)-1+cnt,row_idx+cnt,-1):
new_rd = copy.copy(self.row_dimensions[row-cnt])
new_rd.index = row
self.row_dimensions[row] = new_rd
del self.row_dimensions[row-cnt]
# Now, create our new rows, with all the pretty cells
row_idx += 1
for row in range(row_idx,row_idx+cnt):
# Create a Row Dimension for our new row
new_rd = copy.copy(self.row_dimensions[row-1])
new_rd.index = row
self.row_dimensions[row] = new_rd
for col in range(1,self.max_column):
col = get_column_letter(col)
cell = self.cell('%s%d'%(col,row))
cell.value = None
source = self.cell('%s%d'%(col,row-1))
if copy_style:
cell.number_format = source.number_format
cell.font = source.font.copy()
cell.alignment = source.alignment.copy()
cell.border = source.border.copy()
cell.fill = source.fill.copy()
if fill_formulae and source.data_type == Cell.TYPE_FORMULA:
s_coor = source.coordinate
if s_coor in self.formula_attributes and 'ref' not in self.formula_attributes[s_coor]:
fa = self.formula_attributes[s_coor].copy()
self.formula_attributes[cell.coordinate] = fa
# print("Copying formula from cell %s%d to %s%d"%(col,row-1,col,row))
cell.value = re.sub(
"(\$?[A-Z]{1,3}\$?)%d"%(row - 1),
lambda m: m.group(1) + str(row),
source.value
)
cell.data_type = Cell.TYPE_FORMULA
# Check for Merged Cell Ranges that need to be expanded to contain new cells
for cr_idx, cr in enumerate(self.merged_cell_ranges):
self.merged_cell_ranges[cr_idx] = CELL_RE.sub(
replace,
cr
)
# Use way:
# Worksheet.insert_rows = insert_rows
3. 使用xlwings
进行一些列尝试和折腾之后，笔者放弃了使用openpyxl操作Excel插入和删除行了，到网上寻觅，发现了xlwings这个轮子，说明里写有api能够调用VBA的函数，这就很炫酷了，然后翻了翻文档，决定使用这个轮子操作，现贴出来笔者写的几段代码作为使用方法示范。
3.1. 删除行: range.api.EntireRow.Delete()
# Delete origin row
temp_del = 0
if len(delete_list) > 0:
for delete_row in delete_list:
# Report schedule
print("Have alerady done: " + \
str((temp_del*100)//delete_num) + "%")
# Delete one row
wb_sheet.range('A'+str(delete_row-temp_del)).api.EntireRow.Delete()
temp_del = temp_del + 1
wb.save()
上面这段代码使用了一些小技巧，delete_list储存的是原表格中，需要删除的行号，在删除过程中由于总行数也在跟着减少，所以需要把绝对行号转成相对行号进行标记删除，这个转换就是temp_del变量的使用目的。
3.2. 插入行: sheet.api.Rows(row_number).Insert()
if key_word == sheet.range('A'+str(i_row+1)).value:
# Insert new line
sheet.api.Rows(i_row+2).Insert()
需要注意的是，这个VBA函数是向上插入空行，并且xlwings这个轮子只能在windows和macos的系统下使用，暂时不支持Linux。不过xlwings运行速度要远超过openpyxl，而且还能直接调用VBA的函数，对于WPS和Excel都能兼容，综合来看，还是选择xlwings比较好一些。